雪晴村路尚残泥,茅屋清寒正要低。
野渡船虚飞鸟集,烟村路近蹇驴嘶。
坚顽那复愁空橐,老健犹能伴架犁。
蹴榻不僵君会否?更须百瓮享黄齑。
陆游(一一二五~一二○九),字务观,越州山阴(今浙江绍兴)人。宰子。年十二能诗文,以荫补登仕郎。高宗绍兴二十三年(一一五三)两浙转运司锁厅试第一,以秦桧孙埙居其次,抑置爲末。明年礼部试,主司復置前列,爲桧黜落。桧死,二十八年始爲福州宁德主簿(清干隆《宁德县志》卷三)。三十年,力除敕令所删定官(《建炎以来繫年要录》卷一八五)。三十一年,迁大理寺司直(同上书卷一九一)兼宗正簿。孝宗即位,迁枢密院编修官兼编类圣政所检讨官,赐进士出身(《宋会要辑稿》选举九之一九)。因论龙大渊、曾觌招权植党,出通判建康府,干道元年(一一六五),改通判隆兴府,以交结臺谏,鼓唱是非,力说张浚用兵论罢。六年,起通判夔州(《渭南文集》卷四三《入蜀记》)。八年,应王炎辟,爲四川宗抚使干办公事。其后曾摄通判蜀州,知嘉州、荣州。淳熙二年(一一七五),范成大帅蜀,爲成都路安抚司参议官(《渭南文集》卷一四《范待制诗集序》)。三年,被劾摄知嘉州时燕饮颓放,罢职奉祠,因自号放翁。五年,提举福建路常平茶监(《省斋文稿》卷七《送陆务观赴七闽提举常平茶事》)。六年,改提举江南西路(《渭南文集》卷一八《抚州广寿禅院经藏记》)。以奏发粟赈济灾民,被劾奉祠。十三年,起知严州(淳熙《严州图经》卷一)。十五年,召除军器少监。光宗即位,迁礼部郎中兼实录院检讨官,未几,復被劾免(《宋会要辑稿》职官七二之五四)。宁宗嘉泰二年(一二○二),诏同修国史,实录院同修撰,兼祕书监(《南宋馆阁续录》卷九)。三年,致仕。开禧三年(一二○七),进爵渭南县伯。嘉定二年卒,年八十五。陆游是着名爱国诗人,毕生主张抗金,收復失地,着作繁富,有《渭南文集》五十卷,《剑南诗稿》八十五卷等。《宋史》卷三九五有传。 陆游诗,以明末毛晋汲古阁刊挖改重印本爲底本爲底本。校以汲古阁初印本(简称初印本),宋严州刻残本(简称严州本,藏北京图书馆)、宋刻残本(简称残宋本,藏北京图书馆)、明刘景寅由《瀛奎律髓》抄出的《别集》(简称别集本)、明弘治刊《涧谷精选陆放翁诗集·前集》(简称涧谷本)及《须溪精选陆放翁诗集·后集》(简称须溪本)等,并参校钱仲联《剑南诗稿校注》(简称钱校)。底本所附《放翁逸稿》、《逸稿续添》编爲第八十六、八十七卷。辑自《剑南诗稿》之外的诗,经营爲第八十八卷,凡出自《渭南文集》者,以明弘治十五年锡山华珵铜活字印本爲底本,校以《四库全书》本(简称四库本)。
《自近村归》是宋代文学家陆游的一首诗词。以下是对该诗的中文译文、诗意和赏析:
雪晴村路尚残泥,
茅屋清寒正要低。
野渡船虚飞鸟集,
烟村路近蹇驴嘶。
坚顽那复愁空橐,
老健犹能伴架犁。
蹴榻不僵君会否?
更须百瓮享黄齑。
中文译文:
冬日雪晴,乡村小路上的泥泞仍未完全消散,
简陋的茅屋寒冷,似乎要低垂下来。
野渡上空,鸟儿们集聚在虚无的船上,
烟村的小路近在咫尺,蹇驴嘶鸣着。
坚固的意志何必再感到忧愁,空空的麻袋又能有何担忧呢,
老迈而健壮,仍能陪伴着犁耕田地。
踢动床榻,你是否还能活动自如?
更需要百瓮黄齑来享受。
诗意和赏析:
《自近村归》这首诗描绘了陆游归乡的情景,以朴实自然的语言表达了作者对乡村生活的深情和思考。
首先,诗中以雪晴村路尚有残泥的描写,表现了冬日的霜寒还未完全消退,乡村道路上仍然泥泞不堪。这一景象暗示了农村的贫困和艰辛,折射出作者对现实生活的真实观察。
接着,诗中提到了茅屋清寒,形容了乡村低贱的居住环境,以及作者生活的朴素和清贫。这种清贫的生活状态使得作者感到低垂,进一步突显了他内心的忧愁和无奈。
然后,诗中描绘了野渡船上飞鸟的景象,以及烟村的小路近在咫尺,蹇驴嘶鸣的情景。这些都是乡村生活中常见的景象,通过描写这些细节,表达了作者对家乡的思念和对自然的感悟。
接下来,诗中提到了坚固的意志和老迈而健壮的身体。作者表示即使面对困境和年华的衰老,他仍然保持坚定的意志和积极的生活态度。这种乐观向上的情感体现了作者的坚韧和勇气。
最后,诗中以蹴榻不僵的问题向读者发问,表达了作者对友人的思念和期盼。百瓮黄齑的提及则暗示了作者对幸福生活的渴望和对友情的珍视。
总体来说,这首诗以朴素自然的语言描绘了乡村生活的艰辛和质朴,表达了作者对家乡的眷恋和对生活的思考。通过对细节的描写,展示了作者坚韧不拔的精神和对幸福生活的向往《自近村归》 is a poem by the Song dynasty poet Lu You. Here is the Chinese translation, poetic meaning, and appreciation of the poem:
雪晴村路尚残泥,
茅屋清寒正要低。
野渡船虚飞鸟集,
烟村路近蹇驴嘶。
坚顽那复愁空橐,
老健犹能伴架犁。
蹴榻不僵君会否?
更须百瓮享黄齑。
Chinese translation:
雪晴之后,乡村的小路上仍有残留的泥泞,
简陋茅屋清寒,似乎要倾斜下来。
野渡船上空虚,飞鸟聚集,
烟村的小路近在咫尺,蹇驴嘶鸣。
坚固的意志何必再感到忧愁,空空的麻袋又能有何担忧呢,
老迈而健壮,仍能陪伴着犁耕田地。
踢动床榻,你是否还能活动自如?
更需要百瓮黄齑来享受。
Poetic meaning and appreciation:
"自近村归" depicts the scene of Lu You returning to his hometown, expressing his deep affection and contemplation for rural life.
Firstly, the poem describes the lingering muddy roads after the snow has cleared, indicating the harshness of winter that has not completely dissipated, with the country roads still being muddy. This scene implies the poverty and hardships of rural life, reflecting the author's keen observation of reality.
Next, the poem mentions the humble thatched cottage, portraying the humble living conditions in the countryside and the author's simple and frugal lifestyle. This state of poverty makes the author feel low and further highlights his inner worries and helplessness.
Then, the poem depicts the scene of birds gathering on the empty ferry and the nearby village path where the lame donkey brays. These are common sights in rural life. By describing these details, the author expresses his yearning for his hometown and his understanding of nature.
Furthermore, the poem mentions the unyielding spirit and the old yet strong body. The author states that even in the face of difficulties and the aging of time, he still maintains a firm will and a positive attitude towards life. This optimistic and positive emotion reflects the author's resilience and courage.
Finally, the poem asks the reader about the unyielding bed, expressing the author's longing and anticipation for his friends. The mention of a hundred barrels of yellow porridge implies the author's desire for a happy life and his appreciation of friendship.
Overall, this poem uses a simple and natural language to depict the hardships and simplicity of rural life, expressing the author's nostalgia for his hometown and his contemplation of life. Through the portrayal of details, the poem showcases the author's indomitable spirit and his yearning for a happy life.
江上一江楼,楼上远山横翠。还更腰金骑鹤,引竹西歌吹。寿君春酒遣双壶,满引见深意。肯向龟荷香里,唤侬来同醉。
静藏深渊,动游碧落,灵妙潜通。遇时至神知,乘阳便起,雷轰电制掣,雾霭云从。展尾昂头,穿山透石,一举冲霄气势雄。神威烈,把黄河倒卷,白浪翻空。须臾霖雨漂洪。却都在天瓢一滴中。发通身*火焰*,飞光走焰,山精鬼怪,绝迹潜踪。变化无方,去来无碍,自得乾坤造化功。功
浩汗霜风刮天地,温泉火井无生意。泽国龙蛇冻不伸,南山瘦柏消残翠。
东篱有佳菊,不比春兰芳。繁霜毒万卉,敷荣自弥章。云胡靖节后,古意俱茫茫。但见三径草,寂寞凄余香。
叹息鲁先师,生逢周室卑。有心律天道,无位救陵夷。历聘不能用,领徒空尔为。儒风正礼乐,旅象入蓍龟。西狩非其应,中都安足施。世衰由我贱,泣下为人悲。遗教光文德,兴王叶梦期。土田封后胤,冕服饰虚仪。钟鼓胶庠荐,牲牢郡邑祠。闻君喟然叹,偏在上丁时。
广陵实佳丽,隋季此为京。八方称辐凑,五达如砥平。大旆映空色,笳箫发连营。层台出重霄,金碧摩颢清。交驰流水毂,迥接浮云甍。青楼旭日映,绿野春风晴。喷玉光照地,颦蛾价倾城。灯前互巧笑,陌上相逢迎。飘飘翠羽薄,掩映红襦明。兰麝远不散,管弦闲自清。曲士守文墨,达人